% latex2e by nr 7/3/96
% acmtrans.cls revised 4/19/96
%              revised again 31-JAN-1996 (see end of file)
%              revised 5-14-1997 :
%                       Don't use sans-serif font in categories and descriptors
%                       include latexsym by default
%                       Define longpage and shortpage
% Adjusted from the acmtrans2e.cls file to the needs of ACM TOCL by
% Marco Aiello on June 14, 2000.
% Further changes made by Frederic Goualard on Sep. 27, 2000
% to take care of the indentation problem in the bibliography 
% arising without the use of the hyperref package.
% Modularization to adapt to the needs of JACM, TOCL, 
% TODAES, TODS, TOGS, TOMS, AND TOPLAS, by Marco Aiello on 
% June 2001.
% Here is the basic framework that is needed to convert your paper 
% into ACM Transactions format and bibliographic format.  For a tutorial
% introduction, see ``instructions.tex'' (compile it with LaTeX) that
% accompanies the distribution of this style file.
%
%  -> \documentclass{acmtrans2m}
%  -> \markboth{}{}
%         takes 2 arguments and it is for the left- and right-page headers:
%         the first set of braces is assigned for author's name(s) 
%         and
%         the second set of braces is assigned for the title 
%             (if the title is too long, contraction may be needed
%  -> \title{}
%         if the title is too long, it can be separated by \\
%  -> \author{}
%         author1 \\ author1 affiliation
%         \and
%         author2 \\ author2 affiliation
%  -> \begin{abstract}
%  -> \end{abstract}
%
%  -> \category{}{}{}
%         takes 3 arguments for the Computing Reviews Classification Scheme.
%         ex: \category{D.3.3}{Programming Languages}{Language Constructs and 
%                   Features}[data types and structures]
%                   the last argument, in square brackets, is optional.
%  -> \terms{} (ex: \terms{Human Factors, Languages})
%  -> \keywords{} (in alphabetical order \keywords{document processing, sequences, 
%                      string searching, subsequences, substrings})
%  -> \begin{document}
%
%  -> \begin{bottomstuff}
%          similar to \thanks     
%          for authors' addresses; research/grant statements
%  -> \end{bottomstuff}
%  -> \maketitle
%
%     Now you can start the body of the paper; your figures, tables and 
%          use all the latex constructs.
%
%  -> \begin{acks}
%          acknowledgements
%  -> \end{acks}
%
%  -> \bibliographystyle{acmtrans}
%  -> \bibliography{mybib_file}
%
%     ****
%     If your paper has been accepted with a separate (electronic only)
%        appendix, you need to add the following control sequence:
%
%
%       body of appendix 
%!!!!!! \appendixhead has be cut into two: \appendixhead and \elecappendix
%!!!!!! See end of file. (jtb)
%
%  -> \end{document}
%
% Do not worry about the other definitions in this style file
% Remember to compile: latex, bibtex, latex latex
%
% Bibliographic cite forms needed:
%
%  \cite{key}
%    which produces citations with author list and year.
%    eg. [Brown 1978; Jarke, et al. 1985]
%  \citeA{key}
%    which produces citations with only the author list.
%    eg. [Brown; Jarke, et al.]
%  \citeN{key}
%    which produces citations with the author list and year, but
%    can be used as nouns in a sentence; no brackets appear around
%    the author names, but only around the year.
%      eg. Shneiderman [1978] states that......
%    \citeN should only be used for a single citation.
%    \citeNN{refkey1,refkey2} for author [ref1year; ref2year]
%    \citeyear{key}
%        which produces the year information only, within brackets.
%
% Abbreviated author lists use the ``et al.'' construct.
%
% The above are examples of required ACM bibliographic cite formats needed.
% *******************
% Here is the complete list of cite forms from the chicago bibliographic style
%
%  \cite{key}
%    which produces citations with abbreviated author list and year.
%  \citeNP{key}
%    which produces citations with abbreviated author list and year.
%  \citeA{key}
%    which produces only the abbreviated author list.
%  \citeANP{key}
%    which produces only the abbreviated author list.
%  \citeN{key}
%    which produces the abbreviated author list and year, with only the
%    year in parentheses. Use with only one citation.
%  \citeyear{key}
%    which produces the year information only, within parentheses.
%  \citeyearNP{key}
%    which produces the year information only.
%
% Abbreviated author lists use the ``et al.'' construct.
%
% `NP' means `no parentheses' 
%

\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
\ProvidesClass{acmtrans2m} [1996/07/03 ACM Transactions class based on <23 April 96>]
\RequirePackage{latexsym}
%aiellom{
\RequirePackage{url}
\RequirePackage{refcount,ifthen}  %% fischerf
%\RequirePackage{newpage,lastpage,pagesLTS}

% Do not change the following! Use the appropriate acmtocl, acmtods, ... option
\def\@acmVolume{10} %the volume
\def\@acmNumber{2} %the number
\def\@acmYear{11}  %the last two digits of the year, 
\def\@acmMonth{May}  %the month
\def\@journalName{ACM Journal Name} %the name of the ACM journal
\def\@journalNameShort{jn} %the acronym of the ACM journal
\def\@permissionCodeOne{0000-0000} %the permission code of the ACM journal
\def\@permissionCodeTwo{0000} %the permission code of the ACM journal part 2
\def\@pageCode{\acmPageCode} %the first page of the article in 4 digits


\newif\if@acmjacm
\newif\if@acmtocl
\newif\if@acmsigecom
\newif\if@acmtodaes
\newif\if@acmtods
\newif\if@acmtogs
\newif\if@acmtoms
\newif\if@acmtoplas

\DeclareOption{acmnow}{
  \typeout{}
  \typeout{Directly generating the Month and Year for footers from the clock.}
  \def\@acmYear{\yearTwoDigits}  
  \def\@acmMonth{\monthWord}  
}

\DeclareOption{acmjacm}{
  \typeout{}
  \typeout{Using ACM, JACM's option: 2001/06/01 by Marco Aiello et al.}
  \typeout{}
  %\global\@acmjacmfalse  
  \global\@acmtoclfalse
  \global\@acmsigecomfalse
  \global\@acmtodaesfalse
  \global\@acmtodsfalse
  \global\@acmtogsfalse
  \global\@acmtomsfalse
  \global\@acmtoplasfalse
  \global\@acmjacmtrue
  \def\@journalName{Journal of the ACM}
  \def\@journalNameShort{jacm}        
  \def\@permissionCodeOne{0004-5411} 
  \def\@permissionCodeTwo{0100} 
}

\DeclareOption{acmtocl}{
  \typeout{}
  \typeout{Using ACM, TOCL's option: 2001/06/01 by Marco Aiello et al.}
  \typeout{}
  \global\@acmjacmfalse  
  %\global\@acmtoclfalse
  \global\@acmsigecomfalse
  \global\@acmtodaesfalse
  \global\@acmtodsfalse
  \global\@acmtogsfalse
  \global\@acmtomsfalse
  \global\@acmtoplasfalse
  \global\@acmtocltrue
  \def\@journalName{ACM Transactions on Computational Logic}
  \def\@journalNameShort{tocl}        
  \def\@permissionCodeOne{1551-9031} 
  \def\@permissionCodeTwo{0700} 
}

\DeclareOption{acmsigecom}{
  \typeout{}
  \typeout{Using ACM, TOCL's option: 2001/06/01 by Marco Aiello et al.}
  \typeout{}
  \global\@acmjacmfalse  
  \global\@acmtoclfalse
  %\global\@acmsigecomfalse
  \global\@acmtodaesfalse
  \global\@acmtodsfalse
  \global\@acmtogsfalse
  \global\@acmtomsfalse
  \global\@acmtoplasfalse
  \global\@acmtocltrue
  \def\@journalName{ACM SIGecom Exchanges}
  \def\@journalNameShort{sigecom}        
  \def\@permissionCodeOne{1551-9031} 
  \def\@permissionCodeTwo{0700} 
}

\DeclareOption{acmtodaes}{
  \typeout{}
  \typeout{Using ACM, TODAES option: 2001/06/01 by Marco Aiello et al.}
  \typeout{}
  \global\@acmjacmfalse  
  \global\@acmtoclfalse
  \global\@acmsigecomfalse
  %\global\@acmtodaesfalse
  \global\@acmtodsfalse
  \global\@acmtogsfalse
  \global\@acmtomsfalse
  \global\@acmtoplasfalse
  \global\@acmtodaestrue
  \def\@journalName{ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems}
  \def\@journalNameShort{todaes}        
  \def\@permissionCodeOne{1084-4309} 
  \def\@permissionCodeTwo{0400} 
}

\DeclareOption{acmtods}{
  \typeout{}
  \typeout{Using ACM, TODS's option: 2001/06/01 by Marco Aiello et al.}
  \typeout{}
  \global\@acmjacmfalse  
  \global\@acmtoclfalse
  \global\@acmsigecomfalse
  \global\@acmtodaesfalse
  %\global\@acmtodsfalse
  \global\@acmtogsfalse
  \global\@acmtomsfalse
  \global\@acmtoplasfalse
  \global\@acmtodstrue
  \def\@journalName{ACM Transactions on Database Systems}
  \def\@journalNameShort{tods}        
  \def\@permissionCodeOne{0362-5915} 
  \def\@permissionCodeTwo{0300} 
}

\DeclareOption{acmtogs}{
  \typeout{}
  \typeout{Using ACM, TOGS's option: 2001/06/01 by Marco Aiello et al.}
  \typeout{}
  \global\@acmjacmfalse  
  \global\@acmtoclfalse
  \global\@acmsigecomfalse
  \global\@acmtodaesfalse
  \global\@acmtodsfalse
  %\global\@acmtogsfalse
  \global\@acmtomsfalse
  \global\@acmtoplasfalse
  \global\@acmtogstrue
  \def\@journalName{ACM Transactions on Graphics}
  \def\@journalNameShort{togs}        
  \def\@permissionCodeOne{0730-0301} 
  \def\@permissionCodeTwo{0100} 
}

\DeclareOption{acmtoms}{
  \typeout{}
  \typeout{Using ACM, TOMS's option: 2001/06/01 by Marco Aiello et al.}
  \typeout{}
  \global\@acmjacmfalse  
  \global\@acmtoclfalse
  \global\@acmsigecomfalse
  \global\@acmtodaesfalse
  \global\@acmtodsfalse
  \global\@acmtogsfalse
  %\global\@acmtomsfalse
  \global\@acmtoplasfalse
  \global\@acmtomstrue
  \def\@journalName{ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software}
  \def\@journalNameShort{toms}        
  \def\@permissionCodeOne{0098-3500} 
  \def\@permissionCodeTwo{1200} 
}

\DeclareOption{acmtoplas}{
  \typeout{}
  \typeout{Using ACM, TOPLAS option: 2001/06/01 by Marco Aiello et al.}
  \typeout{}
  \global\@acmjacmfalse  
  \global\@acmtoclfalse
  \global\@acmsigecomfalse
  \global\@acmtodaesfalse
  \global\@acmtodsfalse
  \global\@acmtogsfalse
  \global\@acmtomsfalse
  %\global\@acmtoplasfalse
  \global\@acmtoplastrue
  \def\@journalName{ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems}
  \def\@journalNameShort{toplas}        
  \def\@permissionCodeOne{0164-0925} 
  \def\@permissionCodeTwo{0500} 
}
%}aiellom



\if@compatibility\else
\DeclareOption{a4paper}
   {\setlength\paperheight {297mm}%
    \setlength\paperwidth  {210mm}%
    \def\special@paper{210mm,297mm}}
\DeclareOption{a5paper}
   {\setlength\paperheight {210mm}%
    \setlength\paperwidth  {148mm}%
    \def\special@paper{148mm,210mm}}
\DeclareOption{b5paper}
   {\setlength\paperheight {250mm}%
    \setlength\paperwidth  {176mm}%
    \setlength\voffset     {-15mm}%
    \setlength\hoffset     {-20mm}%
    \def\special@paper{176mm,250mm}}
\DeclareOption{letterpaper}
   {\setlength\paperheight {11in}%
    \setlength\paperwidth  {8.5in}%
    \def\special@paper{8.5in,11in}}
\DeclareOption{legalpaper}
   {\setlength\paperheight {14in}%
    \setlength\paperwidth  {8.5in}%
    \def\special@paper{8.5in,14in}}
\DeclareOption{executivepaper}
   {\setlength\paperheight {10.5in}%
    \setlength\paperwidth  {7.25in}%
    \def\special@paper{7.25in,10.5in}}
\DeclareOption{landscape}
   {\setlength\@tempdima   {\paperheight}%
    \setlength\paperheight {\paperwidth}%
    \setlength\paperwidth  {\@tempdima}}
\fi

\DeclareOption{checkMargin}{\setlength\overfullrule{5pt}}
\DeclareOption{final}{\setlength\overfullrule{0pt}}

\DeclareOption{oneside}{\@twosidefalse \@mparswitchfalse}
\DeclareOption{twoside}{\@twosidetrue  \@mparswitchtrue}

\DeclareOption{10pt}{\def\@ptsize{0}} %needed for amssymbols.sty 
\DeclareOption{11pt}{\ClassError{acmtrans}{11pt style not supported}
                        {ACM transactions documents can be set in 10pt only}}
\DeclareOption{12pt}{\ClassError{acmtrans}{11pt style not supported}
                        {ACM transactions documents can be set in 10pt only}}
\newif\if@hyperref
\DeclareOption{hyperref}{%
        \def\pages{\pageref{@firstpg}--\pageref{@lastpg}}%
        \def\mypage{\thepage}%
        \def\@getpagenum#1#2#3#4{#2}%
        \def\pdfinfo#1#2{\pdfmark{pdfmark=/DOCINFO,Title=#1,Author=#2}}
        \global\@hyperreftrue
        }
\DeclareOption{nohyperref}{
                \def\pages{\pageref{@firstpg}--\pageref{@lastpg}}%
                \def\@getpagenum#1#2{#2}%
                \def\mypage{\thepage}%
                \def\pdfinfo#1#2{}%
                \def\pdfbookmark#1#2{}%
                \global\@hyperreffalse
                }
\DeclareOption{notfinal}{
                \def\pages{BD}%
                \def\mypage{TBD}%
                \def\@getpagenum#1#2{#2}%
                \def\pdfinfo#1#2{}%
                \def\pdfbookmark#1#2{}%
                }
\DeclareOption{omitline}{\def\@abstractbottom{\relax}}
\DeclareOption{dontomitline}{\def\@abstractbottom{\if@acmjacm\else\hbox{\vrule height .2pt width 30pc}\fi}}
\ExecuteOptions{twoside,notfinal,10pt,dontomitline,nohyperref,letterpaper} % defaults

%% fischerf: maintain page numbers across articles
\AtBeginDocument{%
	%\ps@myheadings
	%% load page number from file
	\IfFileExists{tmppagein.tex}{\input{tmppagein.tex}\stepcounter{page}
		%% if (first) page is even, swap headers and footers 
		%% this is overwritten on the first page, so we have to fix the (second instance of the) definition of \ps@titlepage below as well
		\ifthenelse{\isodd{\value{page}}}{}{%
			\let\@tmphead\@oddhead
			\let\@oddhead\@evenhead
			\let\@evenhead\@tmphead
			\let\@tmpfoot\@oddfoot
			\let\@oddfoot\@evenfoot
			\let\@evenfoot\@tmpfoot}}{}
	%% copy last page from ref to a counter
	\newcounter{finalpage}\setcounterpageref{finalpage}{lastpage}}
\AtEndDocument{\clearpage
	\addtocounter{page}{-1}
	%% make sure last page is even and write label to aux (just like lastpage.sty) and page number to 
	%\ifthenelse{\isodd{\value{page}}}{\stepcounter{page}}{}
	\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\newlabel{lastpage}{{}{\thepage}}}
	%% write page number to file
	\newwrite\tmpfile
	\immediate\openout\tmpfile=tmppageout.tex
	\immediate\write\tmpfile{\string\setcounter{page}{\thepage}}
	\immediate\closeout\tmpfile
	\addtocounter{page}{1}}

	
\ProcessOptions

%{aiellom to automatize the issue specific data
\def\acmVolume#1{\def\@acmVolume{#1}}
\def\acmNumber#1{\def\@acmNumber{#1}}
\def\acmYear#1{\def\@acmYear{#1}}
\def\acmMonth#1{\def\@acmMonth{#1}}


% Command to get the year from the system and display the last two digits
\newcommand{\ignoretwo}[2]{}
\newcommand{\yearTwoDigits}{\expandafter\ignoretwo\the\year}
%To transform the month number in its name in English
\newcommand{\monthWord}{\ifnum\the\month=1 January\fi\ifnum\the\month=2 February\fi\ifnum\the\month=3 March\fi\ifnum\the\month=4 April\fi\ifnum\the\month=5 May\fi\ifnum\the\month=6 June\fi\ifnum\the\month=7 July\fi\ifnum\the\month=8 August\fi\ifnum\the\month=9 September\fi\ifnum\the\month=10 October\fi\ifnum\the\month=11 November\fi\ifnum\the\month=12 December\fi}
% overright the \@setref definition, so that if a reference is undefined 
% then it returns a number 0 and then the usual double boldface 
% question marks ??
% this is necessary for the \acmPageCode command, otherwise it gives an error 
% everytime the aux file is not there
\def\@setref#1#2#3{%
  \ifx#1\relax
    \number 0\relax
    \protect\G@refundefinedtrue
    \nfss@text{\reset@font\bfseries ??}%
    \@latex@warning{Reference `#3' on page \thepage \space undefined}%
  \else
    \expandafter#2#1\null
  \fi}
%make the code a four digits string based on the first page number
\newcommand{\acmPageCode}{\bgroup
  \newcount\c@tempo
  \setcounter{tempo}{\number\pageref{@firstpg}}\ifnum \c@tempo<1000 0\fi\ifnum \c@tempo<100 0\fi\ifnum \c@tempo<10 0\fi\ifnum \c@tempo<1 0\fi\pageref{@firstpg}
  \egroup
}
%}aiellom


\lineskip 1pt \normallineskip 1pt
\def\baselinestretch{1}

\renewcommand\normalsize{%
  \@setfontsize\normalsize\@xpt\@xiipt
  \abovedisplayskip 6pt plus2pt minus1pt\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
  \abovedisplayshortskip 6pt plus0pt minus 3pt
  \belowdisplayshortskip 6pt plus0pt minus3pt\let\@listi\@listI} 

\newcommand\small{%
  \@setfontsize\small\@ixpt{11pt}%
  \abovedisplayskip 5pt plus 2pt minus 1pt\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
  \abovedisplayshortskip 5pt plus0pt minus2pt\belowdisplayshortskip 5pt plus0pt
      minus 2pt
  \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini \topsep 5pt plus 2pt minus 1pt\parsep 0pt
    plus .7pt 
  \itemsep 1.6pt plus .8pt}}
\newcommand\footnotesize{%
%   \@setfontsize\footnotesize\@viiipt{10pt}
 \@setsize\footnotesize{10pt}\viiipt\@viiipt
  \abovedisplayskip 4pt plus 1pt minus 0pt\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
  \abovedisplayshortskip 4pt plus 0pt minus 1pt\belowdisplayshortskip 4pt plus
       0pt minus 1pt
  \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini \topsep 4pt plus 1pt minus
     0pt\parsep 0pt plus .5pt 
     \itemsep 1pt plus .7pt}}

\newcommand\scriptsize{\@setfontsize\scriptsize\@viipt\@viiipt}
\newcommand\tiny{\@setfontsize\tiny\@vpt\@vipt}
\newcommand\large{\@setfontsize\large\@xiipt{14}}
\newcommand\Large{\@setfontsize\Large\@xivpt{18}}
\newcommand\LARGE{\@setfontsize\LARGE\@xviipt{20}}
\newcommand\huge{\@setfontsize\huge\@xxpt{25}}
\newcommand\Huge{\@setfontsize\Huge\@xxvpt{30}}

\normalsize 

 \oddsidemargin .75in \evensidemargin .75in \marginparwidth .5in 
 \marginparsep .125in 
 \topmargin .25in \headheight 12pt\headsep 16pt
  %% not in latex2e  \footheight 10pt
  \footskip 15pt 

\textheight 47pc \textwidth 30pc \columnsep 10pt \columnseprule 0pt 
% next five lines added by K.R. Apt, March 20, 01
\advance\textheight-2.6pt
\newdimen\normaltextheight
\setlength\normaltextheight{\textheight}
%\renewcommand\rmdefault{pnc}
%\renewcommand\sfdefault{phv}


\footnotesep 7pt
\skip\footins 15pt plus 4pt minus 3pt 
\floatsep 12pt plus 2pt minus 2pt 
\textfloatsep \floatsep 
\intextsep 1pc plus 1pc 
%%% not in 2e %% \@maxsep 1pc 
%%% not in 2e %% \@dblmaxsep 20pt 
\dblfloatsep 12pt plus 2pt minus 2pt 
\dbltextfloatsep 20pt plus 2pt minus 4pt 
\@fptop 0pt plus 1fil \@fpsep 1pc plus 2fil \@fpbot 0pt plus 1fil 
\@dblfptop 0pt plus 1fil \@dblfpsep 8pt plus 2fil \@dblfpbot 0pt plus 1fil
\marginparpush 6pt 

\parskip 0pt plus .1pt \parindent 10pt \partopsep 0pt 
\@lowpenalty 51 \@medpenalty 151 \@highpenalty 301 
\@beginparpenalty -\@lowpenalty \@endparpenalty -\@lowpenalty \@itempenalty
-\@lowpenalty 


\def\part{\@ucheadtrue
 \@startsection{part}{9}{\z@}{-10pt plus -4pt minus 
 -2pt}{4pt}{\reset@font\normalsize\sffamily}}
\def\section{\@ucheadtrue
 \@startsection{section}{1}{\z@}{-10pt plus -4pt minus 
 -2pt}{4pt}{\reset@font\normalsize\sffamily}}
\def\subsection{\@ucheadfalse
 \@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}{-8pt plus -2pt minus 
 -1pt}{4pt}{\reset@font\normalsize\sffamily}}
\def\subsubsection{\@ucheadfalse
 \@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\parindent}{6pt plus 
1pt}{-5pt}{\reset@font\normalsize\itshape}}
\def\paragraph{\@ucheadfalse
 \@startsection{paragraph}{3}{\parindent}{6pt plus 
1pt}{-5pt}{\reset@font\normalsize\itshape}}

\renewcommand{\@seccntformat}[1]{\textup{\csname the#1\endcsname}}

\gdef\@period{.}
\def\@trivlist{\@topsepadd\topsep
\if@noskipsec \gdef\@period{}\leavevmode\gdef\@period{.}\fi
 \ifvmode \advance\@topsepadd\partopsep \else \unskip\par\fi
 \if@inlabel \@noparitemtrue \@noparlisttrue 
 \else \@noparlistfalse \@topsep\@topsepadd \fi
 \advance\@topsep \parskip
 \leftskip\z@\rightskip\@rightskip \parfillskip\@flushglue
 \@setpar{\if@newlist\else{\@@par}\fi} \global\@newlisttrue
\@outerparskip\parskip}


\def\@startsection#1#2#3#4#5#6{%
  \if@noskipsec \leavevmode \fi
  \par
  \@tempskipa #4\relax
  \@afterindenttrue
  \ifdim \@tempskipa <\z@
    \@tempskipa -\@tempskipa \@afterindentfalse
  \fi
  \if@nobreak
    \everypar{}%
  \else
    \addpenalty\@secpenalty\addvspace\@tempskipa
  \fi
  \@ifstar
    {\@ssect{#3}{#4}{#5}{#6}}%
    {\@dblarg{\@sect{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}{#5}{#6}}}}
\def\@sect#1#2#3#4#5#6[#7]#8{%
  \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth
    \let\@svsec\@empty
  \else
    \refstepcounter{#1}%
      \if@uchead%
            \protected@edef\@svsec{\@seccntformat{#1}.\quad\relax}%
        \else%
            \protected@edef\@svsec{\@seccntformat{#1}\quad\relax}%
        \fi%
  \fi
  \@tempskipa #5\relax
  \ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@
    \begingroup
      #6{%
        \@hangfrom{\hskip #3\relax\@svsec}%
          \interlinepenalty \@M \if@uchead\MakeUppercase{#8}\else#8\fi \@@par}%
    \endgroup
    \csname #1mark\endcsname{#7}%
    \addcontentsline{toc}{#1}{%
      \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
        \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}%
      \fi
      #7}%
  \else
    \def\@svsechd{%
      #6{\hskip #3\relax
      \@svsec \if@uchead\Makeuppercase{#8}\else#8\fi}%
      \csname #1mark\endcsname{#7}%
      \addcontentsline{toc}{#1}{%
        \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
          \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}%
        \fi
        #7}}%
  \fi
  \@xsect{#5}}

\def\@xsect#1{\@tempskipa #1\relax
 \ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@
 \par \nobreak
 \vskip \@tempskipa
 \@afterheading
 \else \global\@nobreakfalse \global\@noskipsectrue
 \everypar{\if@noskipsec \global\@noskipsecfalse
 \clubpenalty\@M \hskip -\parindent
 \begingroup \@svsechd\@period \endgroup \unskip
 \hskip -#1
 \else \clubpenalty \@clubpenalty
 \everypar{}\fi}\fi\ignorespaces}
\newif\if@uchead\@ucheadfalse


\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}
\newcounter{secnumbookdepth}
\setcounter{secnumbookdepth}{3}

\newfont{\apbf}{cmbx9}

\def\@withappendix#1{App--\number #1}

\newcommand{\elecappendix}{
}

\def\appenheader{\global\@topnum\z@ \global\@botroom \textheight \begin{figure}
\newfont{\sc}{cmcsc10}
\parindent\z@
\hbox{}
\vskip -\textfloatsep
\vskip 11pt
\hrule height .2pt width 30pc
\vskip 2pt\rule{0pt}{10pt}\ignorespaces}
\def\endappenheader{\end{figure}\gdef\appendixhead{}}

\def\@appsec{}

\def\appendix{\par
 \setcounter{section}{0}
 \setcounter{subsection}{0}
 \def\@appsec{APPENDIX } 
        \def\thesection{\Alph{section}}
        \def\theHsection{\Alph{section}}}



\labelsep 5pt
\settowidth{\leftmargini}{(9)} \addtolength\leftmargini\labelsep
\settowidth{\leftmarginii}{(b)} \addtolength\leftmarginii\labelsep
\leftmarginiii \leftmarginii
\leftmarginiv \leftmarginii 
\leftmarginv \leftmarginii 
\leftmarginvi \leftmarginii 
\leftmargin\leftmargini
\labelwidth\leftmargini\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
\def\@listI{\leftmargin\leftmargini \parsep 0pt plus 1pt\topsep 6pt plus 2pt
minus 2pt\itemsep 2pt plus 1pt minus .5pt}
\let\@listi\@listI
\@listi 
\def\@listii{\leftmargin\leftmarginii
 \labelwidth\leftmarginii\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
 \topsep 0pt plus 1pt 
 \parsep 0pt plus .5pt 
 \itemsep \parsep}
\def\@listiii{\leftmargin\leftmarginiii
 \labelwidth\leftmarginiii\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
 \topsep 0pt plus 1pt 
 \parsep 0pt plus .5pt 
 \itemsep \parsep}
\def\@listiv{\leftmargin\leftmarginiv
 \labelwidth\leftmarginiv\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}
\def\@listv{\leftmargin\leftmarginv
 \labelwidth\leftmarginv\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}
\def\@listvi{\leftmargin\leftmarginvi
 \labelwidth\leftmarginvi\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}




\def\enumerate{\ifnum \@enumdepth >3 \@toodeep\else
 \advance\@enumdepth \@ne 
 \edef\@enumctr{enum\romannumeral\the\@enumdepth}\list
 {\csname label\@enumctr\endcsname}{\usecounter
 {\@enumctr}\def\makelabel##1{##1\hss}}\fi}
\def\longenum{\ifnum \@enumdepth >3 \@toodeep\else
 \advance\@enumdepth \@ne 
 \edef\@enumctr{enum\romannumeral\the\@enumdepth}\list
 {\csname label\@enumctr\endcsname}{\usecounter
 {\@enumctr}\labelwidth\z@}\fi}
%\leftmargin\z@ \itemindent\parindent}\fi} - this indents each item in enumerate
\let\endlongenum\endlist
%%--------------------CHANGED: always roman parentheses. dave ---------------%%
\def\labelenumi{{\rm (}\arabic{enumi}\/{\rm )}} 
\def\theenumi{\arabic{enumi}} 
\def\labelenumii{{\rm (}\alph{enumii}\rm{)}}
\def\theenumii{\alph{enumii}}
\def\p@enumii{\theenumi}
\def\labelenumiii{\roman{enumiii}.}
\def\theenumiii{\roman{enumiii}}
\def\p@enumiii{\theenumi{\rm (}\theenumii{\rm )}}
\def\labelenumiv{\Alph{enumiv}.}
\def\theenumiv{\Alph{enumiv}} 
\def\p@enumiv{\p@enumiii\theenumiii}

\def\p@enumiv{\p@enumiii\theenumiii}

\def\itemize{\list{---\hskip -\labelsep}{\settowidth
 {\leftmargin}{---}\labelwidth\leftmargin
 \addtolength{\labelwidth}{-\labelsep}}}
\let\enditemize\endlist
\def\longitem{\list{---}{\labelwidth\z@
 \leftmargin\z@ \itemindent\parindent \advance\itemindent\labelsep}}
\let\endlongitem\endlist
\def\verse{\let\\=\@centercr 
 \list{}{\leftmargin 2pc 
 \itemindent -1.5em\listparindent \itemindent 
 \rightmargin\leftmargin\advance\leftmargin 1.5em}\item[]}
\let\endverse\endlist
\def\quotation{\list{}{\leftmargin 2pc \listparindent .5em
 \itemindent\listparindent
 \rightmargin\leftmargin \parsep 0pt plus 1pt}\item[]}
\let\endquotation=\endlist
\def\quote{\list{}{\leftmargin 2pc \rightmargin\leftmargin}\item[]}
\let\endquote=\endlist

\def\description{\list{}{\listparindent\parindent\labelwidth\z@
 \leftmargin\z@ \itemindent\parindent\advance\itemindent\labelsep
 \def\makelabel##1{\it ##1.}}}
\let\enddescription\endlist

\def\describe#1{\list{}{\listparindent\parindent\settowidth{\labelwidth}{#1}\leftmargin
 \labelwidth\addtolength\leftmargin\labelsep\def\makelabel##1{##1\hfil}}}
\let\enddescribe\endlist

        \def\program{\ifx\@currsize\normalsize\small \else \rm \fi\tabbing}
        \let\endprogram\endtabbing
         \def\@begintheorem#1#2{\trivlist \item[\hskip 10pt\hskip 
         \labelsep{\sc{#1}\hskip 5pt\relax #2.}] \itshape}
        % aiellom{: this is what makes the theorem environment with names 
        % ABOVE #1 is the word example, corollary, etc.
        %            #2 is the number
        % \def\@opargbegintheorem#1#2#3{\trivlist
        % \item[\hskip 10pt \hskip \labelsep{\sc #1\savebox\@tempboxa{#3}\ifdim 
        % \wd\@tempboxa>\z@ \hskip 5pt\relax \box\@tempboxa\fi.}] \itshape}
        %  is been changed to
        % #1 is the word theorem, lemma, etc.
        % #2 is the number
        % #3 is the name of the theorem, lemma, etc.
        \def\@opargbegintheorem#1#2#3{\trivlist
        \item[\hskip 10pt \hskip 
\labelsep{\sc{#1}\savebox\@tempboxa{\sc{#3}}\ifdim 
        \wd\@tempboxa>\z@ \hskip 5pt\relax \sc{#2}  \box\@tempboxa\fi.}]
\itshape}
        % aiellom} 



\newif\if@qeded\global\@qededfalse
\def\proof{\global\@qededfalse\@ifnextchar[{\@xproof}{\@proof}}
\def\endproof{\if@qeded\else\qed\fi\endtrivlist}
\def\qed{\unskip\kern 10pt{\unitlength1pt\linethickness{.4pt}\framebox(6,6){}}
\global\@qededtrue}
\def\@proof{\trivlist \item[\hskip 10pt\hskip 
 \labelsep{\sc Proof.}]\ignorespaces}
\def\@xproof[#1]{\trivlist \item[\hskip 10pt\hskip 
 \labelsep{\sc Proof #1.}]\ignorespaces}

\def\newdef#1#2{\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
{\@definecounter{#1}\expandafter\xdef\csname
the#1\endcsname{\@thmcounter{#1}}\global
 \@namedef{#1}{\@defthm{#1}{#2}}\global
 \@namedef{end#1}{\@endtheorem}}}
\def\@defthm#1#2{\refstepcounter
 {#1}\@ifnextchar[{\@ydefthm{#1}{#2}}{\@xdefthm{#1}{#2}}}
\def\@xdefthm#1#2{\@begindef{#2}{\csname the#1\endcsname}\ignorespaces}
\def\@ydefthm#1#2[#3]{\trivlist \item[\hskip 10pt\hskip 
 \labelsep{\it #2\savebox\@tempboxa{#3}\ifdim 
 \wd\@tempboxa>\z@ \ \box\@tempboxa\fi.}]\ignorespaces}
\def\@begindef#1#2{\trivlist \item[\hskip 10pt\hskip 
 \labelsep{\it #1\ \rm #2.}]}

\def\theequation{\arabic{equation}}

\def\titlepage{\@restonecolfalse\if@twocolumn\@restonecoltrue\onecolumn
 \else \newpage \fi \thispagestyle{empty}\c@page\z@}
\def\endtitlepage{\if@restonecol\twocolumn \else \newpage \fi}

\arraycolsep 2.5pt \tabcolsep 6pt \arrayrulewidth .4pt \doublerulesep 2pt 
\tabbingsep \labelsep 

\skip\@mpfootins = \skip\footins
\fboxsep = 3pt \fboxrule = .4pt 

\newcounter{part}
\newcounter{section}
\newcounter{subsection}[section]
\newcounter{subsubsection}[subsection]
\newcounter{paragraph}[subsubsection]

\def\thepart{\Roman{part}} 
\def\thesection {\arabic{section}}
\def\thesubsection {\thesection.\arabic{subsection}}
\def\thesubsubsection {\thesubsection.\arabic{subsubsection}}
\def\theparagraph {\thesubsubsection.\arabic{paragraph}}

\def\@pnumwidth{1.55em}
\def\@tocrmarg {2.55em}
\def\@dotsep{4.5}
\setcounter{tocdepth}{3}

\def\tableofcontents{\section*{Contents\@mkboth{CONTENTS}{CONTENTS}}
 \@starttoc{toc}}
\def\l@part#1#2{\addpenalty{\@secpenalty}
 \addvspace{2.25em plus 1pt} \begingroup
 \@tempdima 3em \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth \parfillskip
-\@pnumwidth 
 {\large \bf \leavevmode #1\hfil \hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}}\par
 \nobreak \endgroup}
\def\l@section#1#2{\addpenalty{\@secpenalty} \addvspace{1.0em plus 1pt}
\@tempdima 1.5em \begingroup
 \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth 
 \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth 
 \bf \leavevmode #1\hfil \hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}\par
 \endgroup}
\def\l@subsection{\@dottedtocline{2}{1.5em}{2.3em}}
\def\l@subsubsection{\@dottedtocline{3}{3.8em}{3.2em}}
\def\listoffigures{\section*{List of Figures\@mkboth
 {LIST OF FIGURES}{LIST OF FIGURES}}\@starttoc{lof}}
\def\l@figure{\@dottedtocline{1}{1.5em}{2.3em}}
\def\listoftables{\section*{List of Tables\@mkboth
 {LIST OF TABLES}{LIST OF TABLES}}\@starttoc{lot}}
\let\l@table\l@figure


\def\thebibliography#1{\par\footnotesize 
\@ucheadfalse
\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}{16pt plus 2pt minus 
        1pt}{2pt}{\sf}*{REFERENCES}%
\list{\arabic{enumi}.}{%
 \settowidth{\labelwidth}{99.}%
 \leftmargin\labelwidth
 \advance\leftmargin\labelsep \topsep \z@ \parsep 0pt plus .1pt
 \itemsep \parsep 
 \usecounter{enumi}}%
 \def\newblock{\hskip .11em plus .33em minus .07em}
 \sloppy
 \widowpenalty=4500
 \clubpenalty=4500
 \sfcode`\.=1000\relax}
\let\endthebibliography=\endlist
 

\newif\if@restonecol
\def\theindex{\@restonecoltrue\if@twocolumn\@restonecolfalse\fi
\columnseprule \z@
\columnsep 35pt\twocolumn[\section*{Index}]
 \@mkboth{INDEX}{INDEX}\thispagestyle{plain}\parindent\z@
 \parskip\z@ plus .3pt\relax\let\item\@idxitem}
\def\@idxitem{\par\hangindent 40pt}
\def\subitem{\par\hangindent 40pt \hspace*{20pt}}
\def\subsubitem{\par\hangindent 40pt \hspace*{30pt}}
\def\endtheindex{\if@restonecol\onecolumn\else\clearpage\fi}
\def\indexspace{\par \vskip 10pt plus 5pt minus 3pt\relax}

\def\footnoterule{\kern-3\p@
 \hrule \@height 0.2\p@ \@width 47\p@ 
  \kern 2.6\p@
} 

\long\def\@makefntext#1{\parindent 1em\noindent 
 $^{\@thefnmark}$#1}


\setcounter{topnumber}{3}
\def\topfraction{.99}
\setcounter{bottomnumber}{1}
\def\bottomfraction{.5}
\setcounter{totalnumber}{3}
\def\textfraction{.01}
\def\floatpagefraction{.85}
\setcounter{dbltopnumber}{2}
\def\dbltopfraction{.7}
\def\dblfloatpagefraction{.5}

\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{\vskip 1pc \setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{#1.\hskip
1em\relax #2}
 \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\hsize #1. #2\par \else \hbox
to\hsize{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil} 
 \fi}

\def\nocaption{\refstepcounter\@captype \par
 \vskip 1pc \hbox to\hsize{\hfil \footnotesize Figure \thefigure
 \hfil}}


\newcounter{figure}
\def\thefigure{\@arabic\c@figure}
\def\fps@figure{tbp}
\def\ftype@figure{1}
\def\ext@figure{lof}
\def\fnum@figure{Fig.\ \thefigure}
\def\figure{\let\normalsize\footnotesize \normalsize \@float{figure}}
\let\endfigure\end@float
\@namedef{figure*}{\@dblfloat{figure}}
\@namedef{endfigure*}{\end@dblfloat}

\newcounter{table}
\def\thetable{\@Roman\c@table}
\def\fps@table{tbp}
\def\ftype@table{2}
\def\ext@table{lot}
\def\fnum@table{Table \thetable}
\def\table{\let\normalsize\footnotesize \normalsize\@float{table}}
\let\endtable\end@float
\@namedef{table*}{\@dblfloat{table}}
\@namedef{endtable*}{\end@dblfloat}
\def\acmtable#1{\@narrowfig #1\relax
 \let\caption\@atcap \let\nocaption\@atnocap
 \def\@tmpnf{}\@ifnextchar[{\@xntab}{\@ntab}}
\def\endacmtable{\hbox to \textwidth{\hfil
\vbox{\hsize \@narrowfig
\box\@nfcapbox
{\baselineskip 4pt \hbox{\vrule height .4pt width \hsize}}
\vskip -1pt
\box\@nfigbox\vskip -1pt
{\baselineskip 4pt \hbox{\vrule height .4pt width \hsize}}}\hfil}
\end@float}
\def\@xntab[#1]{\def\@tmpnf{[#1]}\@ntab}
\def\@ntab{\expandafter\table\@tmpnf
 \setbox\@nfigbox\vbox\bgroup
 \hsize \@narrowfig \@parboxrestore}
\def\@atmakecap #1#2{\setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{#1.\hskip 1em\relax #2}
 \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\hsize \sloppy #1.\hskip 1em\relax #2 \par \else \hbox
to\hsize{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil}
 \fi}
\def\@atcap{\par\egroup\refstepcounter\@captype 
 \@dblarg{\@atcapx\@captype}}
\long\def\@atcapx#1[#2]#3{\setbox\@nfcapbox\vbox {\hsize \wd\@nfigbox
 \@parboxrestore
 \@atmakecap{\csname fnum@#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #3}\par}}
\def\@atnocap{\egroup \refstepcounter\@captype 
 \setbox\@nfcapbox\vbox {\hsize \wd\@nfigbox
 \hbox to\hsize{\hfil \footnotesize Table \thetable\hfil}}}

%
%% Narrow figures
%
\def\narrowfig#1{\@narrowfig #1\relax
 \let\caption\@nfcap \let\nocaption\@nfnocap
 \def\@tmpnf{}\@ifnextchar[{\@xnfig}{\@nfig}}
\def\endnarrowfig{\hbox to \textwidth{\if@nfeven
 \box\@nfcapbox\hfil\box\@nfigbox
 \else \box\@nfigbox\hfil\box\@nfcapbox\fi}\end@float}
\def\@xnfig[#1]{\def\@tmpnf{[#1]}\@nfig}
\def\@nfig{\expandafter\figure\@tmpnf
 \setbox\@nfigbox\vbox\bgroup
 \hsize \@narrowfig \@parboxrestore}
\def\@nfmakecap #1#2{\setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{#1.\hskip 1em\relax #2}
 \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\hsize \sloppy #1.\hskip 1em\relax #2 \par \else \hbox
to\hsize{\if@nfeven\else\hfil\fi\box\@tempboxa\if@nfeven\hfil\fi}
 \fi}
\def\@nfcap{\par\egroup\refstepcounter\@captype 
 \@dblarg{\@nfcapx\@captype}}
\long\def\@nfcapx#1[#2]#3{\@seteven
 \setbox\@nfcapbox\vbox to \ht\@nfigbox
 {\hsize \textwidth \advance\hsize -2pc \advance\hsize -\wd\@nfigbox
 \@parboxrestore
 \vfil 
 \@nfmakecap{\csname fnum@#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #3}\par
 \vfil}}
\def\@nfnocap{\egroup \refstepcounter\@captype \@seteven
 \setbox\@nfcapbox\vbox to \ht\@nfigbox
 {\hsize \textwidth \advance\hsize -2pc \advance\hsize -\wd\@nfigbox
 \@parboxrestore
 \vfil 
 \hbox to\hsize{\if@nfeven\else\hfil\fi 
 \footnotesize Figure \thefigure
 \if@nfeven\hfil\fi}
 \vfil}}
\def\@seteven{\@nfeventrue 
   \@ifundefined{r@@nf\thefigure}{}{%
      \edef\@tmpnf{\csname r@@nf\thefigure\endcsname}%
      \edef\@tmpnf{\expandafter\@getpagenum\@tmpnf}%
      \ifodd\@tmpnf\relax\@nfevenfalse\fi}%
\label{@nf\thefigure}\edef\@tmpnfx{\if@nfeven e\else o\fi}
\edef\@tmpnf{\write\@unused {\noexpand\ifodd \noexpand\c@page 
 \noexpand\if \@tmpnfx e\noexpand\@nfmsg{\thefigure} \noexpand\fi
 \noexpand\else 
 \noexpand\if \@tmpnfx o\noexpand\@nfmsg{\thefigure}\noexpand\fi 
 \noexpand\fi }}\@tmpnf}
\def\@nfmsg#1{Bad narrowfig: Figure #1 on page \thepage}

\newdimen\@narrowfig
\newbox\@nfigbox
\newbox\@nfcapbox
\newif\if@nfeven 

%% fischerf: \title and \author with optional argument (for toc)
\let\@tmptitle\title
\def\title{\@ifnextchar[{\@@@title}{\@@title}}
\def\@@title#1{\@@@title[#1]{#1}}
\def\@@@title[#1]#2{\def\@toctitle{#1}\@tmptitle{#2}}
\let\@tmpauthor\author
\def\author{\@ifnextchar[{\@@@author}{\@@author}}
\def\@@author#1{\@@@author[#1]#1}
\def\@@@author[#1]#2{\def\@tocauthor{#1}\@tmpauthor{#2}}

\def\and{\\ and\\}
\def\maketitle{%
 \newpage \thispagestyle{titlepage}\par
 \begingroup \lineskip = \z@\null \vskip -30pt\relax 
 \parindent\z@ \LARGE {\raggedright \hyphenpenalty\@M
 %\sf \@title \par
  \@title \par
 \global\firstfoot %aiellom
 \global\runningfoot %aiellom
}

%% fischerf: if tmppagein.tex exists, write toc entry to temporary file 
\IfFileExists{tmppagein.tex}{% % \ifx\@tocauthor\ffundefined\else
\newwrite\tempfile
\immediate\openout\tempfile=tmptoc.tex
\immediate\write\tempfile{\@toctitle \hfill\thepage 
\par\@tocauthor \par\noexpand\bigskip}
\immediate\closeout\tempfile}

\label{@firstpg}
{ \vskip 13.5pt\relax \normalsize \sf %vskip 13.5pt between title and author
 \begingroup \addtolength{\baselineskip}{2pt}
 \@author\par \vskip -2pt 
 \endgroup }
 {\ifx \@categories\@empty 
 \else 
 \baselineskip 17pt\relax
 \if@acmjacm\else\hbox{\vrule height .2pt width 30pc}\fi%to eliminate the lines for jacm
 }
 \vskip 8.5pt \footnotesize \box\@abstract \vskip 4pt\relax %vskip8.5 space above abstract
 {\def\and{\unskip\/{\rm ; }}
 Categories and Subject Descriptors: \@categories \fi}\par\vskip 4pt\relax
 \box\@terms \vskip 4pt\relax
 \box\@keywords \par 
 {\baselineskip 14pt\relax 
 \@abstractbottom
 }
 \vskip 23pt\relax
 \endgroup
\let\maketitle\relax
 % \gdef\@author{}\gdef\@title{}
 \gdef\@categories{}}


\newbox\@abstract
\newbox\@terms
\newbox\@keywords
\def\abstract{\global\setbox\@abstract=\vbox\bgroup \everypar{}
 \footnotesize \hsize 30pc \parindent 10pt \noindent 
 \rule{0pt}{10pt}\ignorespaces}
\def\endabstract{\egroup}

\def\terms#1{\setbox\@terms=\vbox{\everypar{}
 \footnotesize \hsize 30pc \parindent 0pt \noindent 
 General Terms: \ignorespaces #1}}
\def\keywords#1{\setbox\@keywords=\vbox{\everypar{}
 \footnotesize \hsize 30pc \parindent 0pt \noindent 
 Additional Key Words and Phrases: \ignorespaces #1}
}

\def\category#1#2#3{\@ifnextchar
 [{\@category{#1}{#2}{#3}}{\@xcategory{#1}{#2}{#3}}}
\def\@category#1#2#3[#4]{\edef\@tempa{\ifx \@categories\@empty 
 \else ; \fi}{\def\protect{\noexpand\protect
 \noexpand}\def\and{\noexpand\and}\xdef\@categories{\@categories\@tempa #1
[{\bf #2}]: 
 #3\kern\z@---\hskip\z@{\it #4}}}}
\def\@xcategory#1#2#3{\edef\@tempa{\ifx \@categories\@empty \else ;
\fi}{\def\protect{\noexpand\protect\noexpand}\def\and{\noexpand
 \and}\xdef\@categories{\@categories\@tempa #1 [{\bf #2}]: #3}}}
\def\@categories{}
\def\bottomstuff{\global\@topnum\z@ \global\@botroom \textheight \begin{figure}
\parindent\z@
\hbox{}
\vskip -\textfloatsep
\vskip 10pt
\hrule height .2pt width 30pc
\vskip 2pt\rule{0pt}{10pt}\ignorespaces}
\def\endbottomstuff{\permission\end{figure}\gdef\permission{}}

\newenvironment{ackslike}[1]
  {\par \footnotesize 
   \@ucheadfalse
   \@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}{-16pt plus -2pt minus -1pt}{2pt}{\sf}*
   {\uppercase{#1}}\par\normalsize
   \pdfbookmark{Acknowledgments}{Ack}
        }
  {\par}
\newenvironment{acks}{\begin{ackslike}{ACKNOWLEDGMENTS}}{\end{ackslike}}

\def\received{\par\footnotesize\addvspace{18pt plus 0pt minus
4pt}\parindent\z@}
%the line below replaced by the line that follows (K.R. Apt, July 11, 2000
%\def\endreceived{\label{@lastpg}\hskip-2pt\par}
\def\endreceived{\label{@lastpg}\hskip-2pt\par\normalsize}

\mark{{}{}}

\def\ps@myheadings{\let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo
\def\@oddhead{\hbox{}\hfill \small\sf \rightmark\hskip
19pt{\Large$\cdot$}\hskip 17pt\mypage}
\def\@oddfoot{\hbox{}\hfill\tiny\@runningfoot}
\def\@evenhead{\small\sf\mypage \hskip 17pt{\Large$\cdot$}\hskip 19pt\leftmark\hfill \hbox{}}
\def\@evenfoot{\tiny\@runningfoot\hfill\hbox{}}
\def\sectionmark##1{}\def\subsectionmark##1{}}
\def\@runningfoot{}
\def\runningfoot{\def\@runningfoot{\@journalName, Vol.\ \@acmVolume, No.\ \@acmNumber, \@acmMonth\ 20\@acmYear\IfFileExists{tmppagein.tex}{,
\ifthenelse{\equal{\pageref{@firstpg}}{\arabic{finalpage}}}{Page \pageref{@firstpg}}{Pages \pageref{@firstpg}--\arabic{finalpage}}}{}}} %% fischerf: pages
\def\@firstfoot{}
\def\firstfoot{\def\@firstfoot{\@journalName, Vol.\ \@acmVolume, No.\ \@acmNumber, \@acmMonth\ 20\@acmYear\IfFileExists{tmppagein.tex}{, \ifthenelse{\equal{\pageref{@firstpg}}{\arabic{finalpage}}}{Page \pageref{@firstpg}}{Pages \pageref{@firstpg}--\arabic{finalpage}}}{}}} %% fischerf: pages
\def\ps@titlepage{\let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo
\def\@oddhead{}\def\@oddfoot{\hbox{}\hfill
\tiny\@firstfoot}\def\@evenhead{}\def\@evenfoot{\tiny\@firstfoot\hfill\hbox{}}}

\def\today{\ifcase\month\or
 January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or
 July\or August\or September\or October\or November\or December\fi
 \space\number\day, \number\year}
\def\@marrayclassiv{\@addtopreamble{$\displaystyle \@nextchar$}}
\def\@marrayclassz{\ifcase \@lastchclass \@acolampacol \or \@ampacol \or
 \or \or \@addamp \or
 \@acolampacol \or \@firstampfalse \@acol \fi
\edef\@preamble{\@preamble
 \ifcase \@chnum 
 \hfil$\relax\displaystyle\@sharp$\hfil \or $\relax\displaystyle\@sharp$\hfil 
 \or \hfil$\relax\displaystyle\@sharp$\fi}}
\def\marray{\arraycolsep 2.5pt\let\@acol\@arrayacol \let\@classz\@marrayclassz
 \let\@classiv\@marrayclassiv \let\\\@arraycr\def\@halignto{}\@tabarray}
\def\endmarray{\crcr\egroup\egroup}


\ps@myheadings 
\pagenumbering{arabic} \onecolumn 

%-----------------------BIBLIOGRAPHY STUFF-------------------------
% this is adapted (November 1993) by Andrew Appel and Rebecca Davies from
% 
%%%     filename        = "chicago.sty",
%%%     version         = "4",  % MODIFIED!
%%%     date            = "31 August 1992",
%%%     time            = "09:42:44 199",
%%%     author          = "Glenn Paulley",
%%%     address         = "Data Structuring Group
%%%                        Department of Computer Science
%%%                        University of Waterloo
%%%                        Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
%%%                        N2L 3G1",
%%%     telephone       = "(519) 885-1211",
%%%     FAX             = "(519) 885-1208",
%%%     email           = "gnpaulle@bluebox.uwaterloo.ca",

%%% ====================================================================
%
% this file: Modification of chicago.sty for new ACM bibliography
% style, which is similar (but not identical) to the ``Chicago'' style.
%
% chicago.sty: Style file for use with bibtex style chicago.bst, for
% bibliographies formatted according to the 13th Edition of the Chicago
% Manual of Style.
%
% 'newapa.bst' was made from 'plain.bst', 'named.bst', and 'apalike.bst',
% with lots of tweaking to make it look like APA style, along with tips
% from Young Ryu and Brian Reiser's modifications of 'apalike.bst'.
% newapa.sty formed the basis of this style, chicago.sty. Author-date
% references in newapa.bst formed the basis for chicago.bst. Chicagoa.bst
% supports annotations.
%
% Version 4 (August, 1992):
% - fixed chicago.bst and chicagoa.bst to handle long author lists in
%   sorting
% - fixed chicago.bst and chicagoa.bst so that missing page numbers in
%   ``article'' entries are handled correctly
% - modified chicago.sty to format entries with 2nd and subsequent lines
%   indented.
%
%   Citation format: (author-last-name year)
%             (author-last-name and author-last-name year)
%             (author-last-name et al. year)
%             (author-last-name)
%             author-last-name
%             author-last-name (year)
%             (author-last-name and author-last-name)
%             (author-last-name et al.)
%             (year) or (year,year)
%             year or year,year
%
%   Reference list ordering: alphabetical by author or whatever passes
%    for author in the absence of one.
%
% This BibTeX style has support for abbreviated author lists and for
%    year-only citations.  This is done by having the citations
%    actually look like
%
%    \citeauthoryear{full-author-info}{abbrev-author-info}{year}
%
% The LaTeX style has to have the following (or similar)
%
%     \let\@internalcite\cite
%     \def\fullcite{\def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##1, ##3}\@internalcite}
%     \def\fullciteA{\def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##1}\@internalcite}
%     \def\shortcite{\def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##2, ##3}\@internalcite}
%     \def\shortciteA{\def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##2}\@internalcite}
%     \def\citeyear{\def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##3}\@internalcite}
%
%
% -------------------------------------------------------------------------
%
% Citation macros.
%
\let\@internalcite\cite

\def\cite{\def\@citeseppen{-1000}%
    \def\@cite##1##2{[##1\if@tempswa , ##2\fi]}%
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##2 ##3}\@internalcite}
\def\citeXNP#1#2{%
  \def\@cite@label{#2}%
  \def\@cite##1##2{##1\if@tempswa , ##2\fi}%
  \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{\@cite@label}\@internalcite{#1}}
% \def\@citeseppen{-1000}%
%    \def\@cite@label{#1}
%    \def\@cite##1##2{\if@tempswa ##2\fi}%
%    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##2 ##3}\@internalcite}
\def\citeNP{\def\@citeseppen{-1000}%
    \def\@cite##1##2{##1\if@tempswa , ##2\fi}%
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##2 ##3}\@internalcite}
\def\citeN{\def\@citeseppen{-1000}%
    \def\@cite##1##2{##1\if@tempswa , ##2]\else{]}\fi}%
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##2 [##3}\@citedata}
\def\shortcite#1{\citeyear{#1}}
\def\citeS#1{[\citeANP{#1} \citeyearNP{#1}]}
\def\citeNS#1{\citeANP{#1} \citeyear{#1}}
\def\citeNPS#1{\citeANP{#1} \citeyearNP{#1}}
%testing year,year
\def\citeNN{\def\@citeseppen{-1000}%
    \def\@cite##1##2{[##1\if@tempswa , ##2\fi]}%
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##3}\@citedata}

\def\citeA{\def\@citeseppen{-1000}%
    \def\@cite##1##2{[##1\if@tempswa , ##2\fi]}%
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##2}\@internalcite}
\def\citeANP{\def\@citeseppen{-1000}%
    \def\@cite##1##2{##1\if@tempswa , ##2\fi}%
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##2}\@internalcite}

\def\citeyear{\def\@citeseppen{-1000}%
    \def\@cite##1##2{[##1\if@tempswa , ##2\fi]}%
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##3}\@citedata}
\def\citeyearNP{\def\@citeseppen{-1000}%
    \def\@cite##1##2{##1\if@tempswa , ##2\fi}%
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##3}\@citedata}

%
% \@citedata and \@citedatax:
%
% Place commas in-between citations in the same \citeyear, \citeyearNP,
% or \citeN command.
% Use something like \citeN{ref1,ref2,ref3} and \citeN{ref4} for a list.
%
\def\@citedata{%
        \@ifnextchar [{\@tempswatrue\@citedatax}%
                                  {\@tempswafalse\@citedatax[]}%
}

\def\@citedatax[#1]#2{%
\if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{#2}}\fi%
  \def\@citea{}\@cite{\@for\@citeb:=#2\do%
    {\@citea\def\@citea{; }\@ifundefined% by Young
       {b@\@citeb}{{\bf ?}%
       \@warning{Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage \space undefined}}%
{\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname}}}{#1}}%

% don't box citations, separate with ; and a space
% also, make the penalty between citations negative: a good place to break.
%
\def\@citex[#1]#2{%
\if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{#2}}\fi%
  \def\@citea{}\@cite{\@for\@citeb:=#2\do%
    {\@citea\def\@citea{; }\@ifundefined% by Young
       {b@\@citeb}{{\bf ?}%
       \@warning{Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage \space undefined}}%
{\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname}}}{#1}}%

% (from apalike.sty)
% No labels in the bibliography.
%
\def\@biblabel#1{}

% (from apalike.sty)
% Set length of hanging indentation for bibliography entries.
%
\newlength{\bibhang}
\setlength{\bibhang}{2em}

% Indent second and subsequent lines of bibliographic entries. Stolen
% from openbib.sty: \newblock is set to {}.

\newdimen\bibindent
\bibindent=1em
\@ifundefined{refname}%
   {\@ifundefined{chapter}%
     {\newcommand{\refname}{\footnotesize REFERENCES}}%
     {\newcommand{\refname}{\footnotesize BIBLIOGRAPHY}}%
   }%
   {}%
\@ifundefined{chapter}%
 {\def\thebibliography#1{\footnotesize \section*{\refname\@mkboth 
   {\uppercase{\refname}}{\uppercase{\refname}}}\list
   {[\arabic{enumi}]}{
   \settowidth\labelwidth{[#1]}
   \leftmargin\labelwidth
   \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
   \advance\leftmargin\bibindent
   \itemindent -\bibindent
   \listparindent \itemindent
   \parsep \z@
   \usecounter{enumi}}
   \def\newblock{}
   \sloppy
   \sfcode`\.=1000\relax}}
 {\def\thebibliography#1{\footnotesize \chapter*{\refname\@mkboth 
   {\uppercase{\refname}}{\uppercase{\refname}}}\list
   {[\arabic{enumi}]}{\settowidth\labelwidth{[#1]}
   \leftmargin\labelwidth
   \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
   \advance\leftmargin\bibindent
   \itemindent -\bibindent
   \listparindent \itemindent
   \parsep \z@
   \usecounter{enumi}}
   \def\newblock{}
   \sloppy
   \sfcode`\.=1000\relax}}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% fixes to acm trans macro package
% 31-JAN-1996
% John Tang Boyland

% newdef need to take the optional parameters of newtheorem
\def\newdef#1{\@ifnextchar[{\@xnewdef{#1}}{\@ynewdef{#1}}}
\def\@xnewdef#1[#2]#3{\newtheorem{italic@#1}[#2]{{\em #3}}\@newdef{#1}}
\def\@ynewdef#1#2{\@ifnextchar[{\@xynewdef{#1}{#2}}{\@yynewdef{#1}{#2}}}
\def\@xynewdef#1#2[#3]{\newtheorem{italic@#1}{{\em #2}}[#3]\@newdef{#1}}
\def\@yynewdef#1#2{\newtheorem{italic@#1}{{\em #2}}\@newdef{#1}}
% and now fix up definition, to change body to use roman font:
\def\@newdef#1{\newenvironment{#1}{\@ifnextchar[{\@xstartdef{#1}}{\@ystartdef{#1}}}{\end{italic@#1}}}
%changed by K.R. Apt on Sep. 27, 2000. It was: \def\@xstartdef#1[#2]{\begin{italic@#1}[#2]\rm}
\def\@xstartdef#1[#2]{\begin{italic@#1}[{\em #2}]\rm}
\def\@ystartdef#1{\begin{italic@#1}\rm}

% footers produced too small (vpt), when ACM typsets them at 7.5pt (!).
% A better compromise is viipt.
\def\@oddfoot{\hbox{}\hfill\scriptsize\@runningfoot}
\def\@evenfoot{\scriptsize\@runningfoot\hfill\hbox{}}

% first footer was set to (vpt), when ACM typesets them at 6.5pt (!).
% A better compromise is vipt.
\def\firstfootsize{\@setsize\firstfootsize{7pt}\vipt\@vipt}
\def\ps@titlepage{%
\let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo%
\def\@oddhead{}\def\@oddfoot{\hbox{}\hfill\firstfootsize\@firstfoot}% 
\def\@evenhead{}\def\@evenfoot{\firstfootsize\@firstfoot\hfill\hbox{}}
%% fischerf: the previous two lines overwrite the footers on the first page (only); swap them again if necessary
	\ifthenelse{\isodd{\value{page}}}{}{%
		\let\@tmphead\@oddhead
		\let\@oddhead\@evenhead
		\let\@evenhead\@tmphead
		\let\@tmpfoot\@oddfoot
		\let\@oddfoot\@evenfoot
		\let\@evenfoot\@tmpfoot}}

% new permission statement
\long\def\permission{\par
% linebreaks added to conform to the current style
%Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this material without
%fee 
%for personal or classroom use is granted
%provided that the copies are not made or distributed for profit
%or commercial advantage, the ACM copyright/server notice, the title of the
%publication, and its date appear, and notice is given that copying is by
%permission of the ACM, Inc.  To copy
%otherwise, to republish, to post on servers, or to redistribute to lists
%requires prior specific 
%permission and/or a fee.\par
%\copyright\ 20\@acmYear\ 
%ACM \@permissionCodeOne/20\@acmYear/\@permissionCodeTwo-\@pageCode\$5.00 % aiellom
}

% make sure \permission doesn't get trashed
\def\endbottomstuff{\permission\end{figure}}

% alternate way of using citeyear
%  \def\shortcite#1{\citeyear{#1}
% enumerations and longenums are wrong
% 1. the second line in a paragraph of an enumerations in theorems
%  (or other trivlists) doesn't line up under the first
% 1. the second line of a longenum doesn't properly wrap around
%  back to the left margin.

% the original definition of \@listI doesn't set labelwidth
\def\@listI{\leftmargin\leftmargini
 \labelwidth\leftmargini\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
 \parsep 0pt plus 1pt
 \topsep 6pt plus 2pt minus 2pt
 \itemsep 2pt plus 1pt minus .5pt}
\let\@listi\@listI
\@listi 

% add set of \labelwidth and \itemindent
\def\longenum{\ifnum \@enumdepth >3 \@toodeep\else
 \advance\@enumdepth \@ne 
 \edef\@enumctr{enum\romannumeral\the\@enumdepth}\list
 {\csname label\@enumctr\endcsname}{\usecounter
 {\@enumctr}\labelwidth\z@\leftmargin\z@
 \itemindent\parindent \advance\itemindent\labelsep}\fi}

% split electronic appendix into two parts:


%aiellom{
\def\appendixhead#1{\appendix
\section*{ELECTRONIC APPENDIX}
The electronic appendix for this article can be accessed in
  the ACM Digital Library by visiting the following URL:$\;$ 
  \url{http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/journals/}{\tt \@journalNameShort /20\@acmYear-\@acmVolume-\@acmNumber/p\pageref{@firstpg}-#1}.
% \quad \href{http://www.acm.org/tocl}{{\small http://www.acm.org/tocl} }
}
%aiellom}

\long\def\elecappendix{
\clearpage
\makeatletter
\pagenumbering{withappendix}
\makeatother
\appendix
\par\noindent{\sc This document is the online-only appendix to:}\hfill \vskip 1em
{\vbox{\Large\sf \parindent0pt\@title{}}}\vskip .5em
\vbox{\sf \parindent0pt\@author{}}\vskip .5em\noindent
\vskip 10pt\noindent
{\firstfootsize 
\@journalName, Vol.\ \@acmVolume, No.\ \@acmNumber, \@acmMonth\ 20\@acmYear.}
\vskip 11pt\noindent
\hrule height .2pt
\par
\bottomstuff
\endbottomstuff
}

% provide for a single acknowledgment
\def\ack{ \par \footnotesize 
\@ucheadfalse
\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}{-16pt plus -2pt minus 
 -1pt}{2pt}{\sf}*{ACKNOWLEDGMENT}\par\normalsize
\pdfbookmark{Acknowledgment}{Ack}
}
\def\endack{\par}

% provide both spellings of Acknowledgment(s)
\let\acknowledgments\acks
\let\endacknowledgments\endacks
\let\acknowledgment\ack
\let\endacknowledgment\endack

\newcommand{\longpage}{\enlargethispage{\baselineskip}}
\newcommand{\shortpage}{\enlargethispage{-\baselineskip}}


% Don't indent bibliography and
% override \refname (which sets fontsize):
\def\thebibliography#1{
  \footnotesize\section*{\footnotesize\sf{REFERENCES}\@mkboth
  {\uppercase{\refname}}{\uppercase{\refname}}}%
   \pdfbookmark{References}{Ref}
   \list
  {\@biblabel{\arabic{enumiv}}}{%
   %\settowidth\labelwidth{[#1]}
   \labelwidth 0pt
   \leftmargin \bibindent
   \labelsep 0pt
   \if@hyperref
     \itemindent -\bibindent
   \fi
   \listparindent -\bibindent
   \labelsep -\bibindent
    \usecounter{enumiv}%
    \let\p@enumiv\@empty
    \def\theenumiv{\arabic{enumiv}}}%
    \def\newblock{\hskip .11em plus.33em minus.07em}%
    \sloppy
    \clubpenalty=4500
    \widowpenalty=4500
    \frenchspacing}
\def\endthebibliography{%
  \def\@noitemerr{\@warning{Empty `thebibliography' environment}}%
  \endlist}
\def\@lbibitem[#1]#2{\item[]\if@filesw
      {\def\protect##1{\string ##1\space}\immediate
       \write\@auxout{\string\bibcite{#2}{#1}}}\fi\hskip-1em\ignorespaces}
% Fix cite so it doesn't repeat author lists in citations:

\def\cite{\def\@citeseppen{-1000}%
    \def\@cite##1##2{[##1\if@tempswa , ##2\fi]}%
    \let\@lastauthor=\@noauthor
    \let\citeauthoryear=\citeauthoryear@no@repeats\@internalcite}
    %\def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##2 ##3}\@internalcite

\def\@noauthor={\relax}
\let\@lastauthor=\@noauthor
\let\@currauthor=\@noauthor

\def\citeauthoryear@no@repeats#1#2#3{%
  \def\@currauthor{\csname @author #1\endcsname}%
  \ifx\@lastauthor\@currauthor{#3}\else{#2 #3}\fi%
  \let\@lastauthor=\@currauthor}

\DeclareOldFontCommand{\rm}{\normalfont\rmfamily}{\mathrm}
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sf}{\normalfont\sffamily}{\mathsf}
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\tt}{\normalfont\ttfamily}{\mathtt}
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\bf}{\normalfont\bfseries}{\mathbf}
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\it}{\normalfont\itshape}{\mathit}
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sl}{\normalfont\slshape}{\@nomath\sl}
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sc}{\normalfont\scshape}{\@nomath\sc}
\DeclareRobustCommand*\cal{\@fontswitch\relax\mathcal}
\DeclareRobustCommand*\mit{\@fontswitch\relax\mathnormal}


\if@hyperref
   \let\pdfbookmark=\relax
   \RequirePackage[pdfmark]{hyperref}
\fi

% \renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\arabic{footnote}\hspace{-3pt}}